Bagisu Beginnings Why Uganda Mountain People Circumcise in Public

The Bagisu of eastern Uganda remain one of the country’s most culturally distinct ethnic groups, renowned for their centuries old tradition of public male circumcision, known as Imbalu.

Unlike many African circumcision traditions conducted in private, the Bagisu’s Imbalu unfolds in public view every even numbered year, typically from August to December.

Boys aged 16 to 25 face the knife wielded by skilled traditional surgeons called inzuuka before cheering crowds.

Imbalu is not just a cut, it’s a test of courage witnessed by all.

Bagisu see communal participation as vital family, clan, and even tourists join in dances like kadodi and feasts, reinforcing unity and identity.

Today, Imbalu draws thousands, including global visitors hence boosting Uganda’s cultural tourism and revenue.

While the ritual once involved shared knives, post-2000 health reforms mandate one blade per candidate to curb the risk of diseases and HIV.

Some Bagisu have opted for hospital circumcisions, influenced by Christianity or Western education, though traditionalists resist, viewing private cuts as a betrayal of heritage.

In recent years, Imbalu has grown beyond a rite into full fledged festivals, drawing thousands to Kampala to celebrate the Gishu culture.